Ovulation Induction

By different drugs, more than one follicle are recruited in the ovaries to increase the chances of conception.

In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)

It is a process by which gametes from both partners are collected and fertilized outside the body within a laboratory atmosphere closely resembling the mother’s womb. The resultant embryos are transferred into the uterine cavity.

Oocyte retrieval: After super ovulation, female gametes (oocytes) are collected under G/A through USG guidance within 34.5 to 36 hours of ovulation induction.

Insemination: Mixing of both gametes in a certain proportion (1 oocyte/30000 motile sperms) is done within 4 to 6 hours of oocyte retrieval, followed by sperm preparation from husband’s or donor’s semen sample.

Embryo culture: Fertilized oocytes or zygotes are cultured in media within a CO2 incubator until day 3/day 4 embryo or blastocyst development. Two good-quality embryos or one good-quality blastocyst are replaced into the mother’s womb by a technique known as embryo transfer.

Embryo transfer: Usually, two day 3 or day 4 good-quality embryos or one day 5 embryo (blastocyst) are loaded in 40 μl media in a catheter and introduced into the uterine cavity under USG guidance for implantation.

Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) using husband's sperm

After ovulation, confirmed by USG, post-wash motile sperm solution (> 3 mill/ml), prepared from husband’s semen, is introduced into the uterine cavity by a catheter.

Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) using donor sperm

By different drugs, more than one follicle is recruited in the ovaries to increase the chances of conception.

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

It involves the injection of one live sperm into the cytoplasm of a metaphase II oocyte in cases of severe male factor infertility or azoospermia.

Oocyte / Embryo freezing

Oocyte freezing is done for donor oocyte banks and when male gametes are not available for insemination on the day of ovum pick-up. Embryo freezing is done for frozen embryo transfer and surplus embryos following embryo transfer in a fresh IVF cycle.

Sperm freezing

Sperm freezing is done when male partners are unavailable on the day of insemination or unable to produce semen on demand. It is also used for fertility preservation before chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Surgical sperm recovery

In cases of azoospermia where sperms are not available in the ejaculate, sperms are retrieved from the testis or epididymis using techniques like PESA, TESA, or TESE. Sometimes sperms are retrieved through open biopsy or microsurgery.

Egg Donation

Donated oocytes from eligible women are used for conception in cases like premature ovarian failure, surgical removal of ovaries, or age-related decline in fertility in women under 50 years.

Surrogacy

Women unable to carry their own child due to uterine issues can opt for surrogacy as per the ART Bill June 2022.

Stem cell infusion / Mononuclear cell infusion

Used for women with repeated unsatisfactory endometrium in IVF cycles. Mononuclear cells from the woman’s peripheral blood are isolated and infused into her uterine cavity to promote implantation.

Male Infertility

Male factor infertility is rising, contributing to 50% of infertility cases. Causes include environmental pollution, lifestyle changes, and prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields. Evaluation of male infertility involves a combination of tests.Male factor infertility is rising, contributing to 50% of infertility cases. Causes include environmental pollution, lifestyle changes, and prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields. Evaluation of male infertility involves a combination of tests.